Checkerwork construction



Oct. 15, 1935. s. L. MAMULA ET AL Filed Jan. 18, 1935 Patented Oct. 15, 1935 UNITED STATES ATNT OFFIE Samuel L. Mamula and Joseph Muhvich, Cleveland, Ohio Application January 18, 1935, Serial No. 2,434

15 Claims.

This invention relates to checkerwork con struction, but more particularly to a checker brick, and the invention is designed primarily for use in connection with hot blast stoves for blast furnaces, but it is to be understood that it may be employed for any purpose for which it is found applicable.

The essential objects of the invention are to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, a checker brick; which, when a series thereof is arranged relatively to each other for setting up a circular course of a tier, the course will be completed solely from the bricks of the series without interposing between the opposed sides of any two bricks of the course a filler or a portion of a brick; which, when employed to form a tier of superposed courses, will provide for communicating fiues between the bricks and backs of the bricks; which, when used to set up a series of concentrically arranged tiers, each formed of superposed courses will form communicating fiues between the flues of one tier and the hues of an adjcaent tier; which is so formed as to reduce contact to a minimum between the bricks of a course; which is constructed to reduce contact between a pair of concentrically arranged tiers to a minimum; which may be formed in courses at a material saving in expense in labor, as fillers are not required to complete the courses; which is constructed in a manner to materially increase the heating radiating surfaces with respect to the checker bricks now in general use; which, when used to form 2, tier, provides the latter with non-blocked vertical fiues at the sides and back of the bricks and with the back and side fiues communicating with each other at spaced intervals, whereby the heating agents will travel fully all over the checkerwork; which is so formed that when set up in tier arrangement, the tier will be formed with spaced sets of vertical flues, each consisting of inner flues having located adjacent thereto a pair of outer side fiues and an outer back flue communicating with the side flues whereby the bricks of the tier will be heated directly internally and also directly externally at the sides and back thereof; and which objects are attained by a simple, strong, durable, compact, thoroughly efficient and comparatively inexpensive construction of checker brick, as hereinafter referred to.

To the above ends essentially, and to others which may hereinafter appear, the invention consists of such parts and such combination of parts which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.

In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the checker brick looking towards its back and one side thereof,

- Figure 2 is a sectional plan of the checker brick shown in Figure 1,

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1, upon a reduced scale, looking towards the back and other side of the checker brick,

Figure 4 is a sectional plan of a modified form of checker brick,

Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 2 of still another modified form of checker brick.

Figure 6 is a fragmentary view, in sectional plan, illustrating a series of annular concentrical- 1y arranged tiers set up from checker bricks in accordance with this invention, and

Figure 7 is a fragmentary view, in vertical section of a tier.

The checker bricks, as illustrated, are generally designated 1, 8, and 9. Each brick, as shown, comprises a one-piece refractory body substantially of square contour. Each brick is formed with a squared back face provided with a pair of spaced parallel vertical back ribs preferably of rounded cross section. It is to be understood that the rounded cross sectional contour of each back rib may be as desired. The ribs of the pair are of like form and each has its ends oppositely bevelled. The bevel at the upper end of each rib extends at an upwardly inclination towards the top face of the brick. The bevel at the lower end of each rib extends downwardly at an inclination towards the bottom face of the brick. The ends of the longitudinal median of the outer face -of each back rib are spaced from the top and they will correspond in structure and arrangement to the back ribs shown in Figures 1 and 3. Each back rib is arranged between the vertical median and one side terminal of the back face of the brick.

With reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3, the back face of the brick l is indicated at H], the pair of back ribs at II, it and the bevelled ends of the ribs at ll, I2. With reference to Figure 4, the back face of brick 8 is indicated at l3 and the pair of ribs at I4, I55 and with reference to Figure 5, the back face of brick 9 is indicated at It and the pair of back ribs at l1, l8.

The brick I also includes a pair of side faces [9, 29; a bottom face 2|; a top face 22 and a front face 23. The said faces are squared. At the front end of the sidefaces I9, 20 vertically t5 disposed side ribs 24, 25 respectively are provided. The forward sides of these ribs are flush with the front face 23. Theribs 24, 25 have their ends oppositely beveled as at 26, 21. The ribs 24, 25 preferably are of round contour but of slightly greater width and of slightly less depth than the other ribs referred to. The bevels of the ribs 241, 25 are arranged in the same manner as the bevels of the other ribs referred to. It is to be understood that the ribs 24, 25 may be of any cross sectional contour desired.

The body of brick I is formed with a series of spaced inner fiues 28 which open at the top and bottom faces of the brick. The number of fiues 28 is eight. The fiues are arranged in pairs. Each pair is disposed at right angles to an adjacent pair. Each flue 28 is formed of a rectangular part and a tapered part. The latter extends from the rectangular part and. is arranged at the inner side of the flue.

The modified form of checker brick 8 is of the same construction as the brick 'l, with the exception that it is not provided with the side ribs 24, 25 employed on brick I.

The modified form of checker brick 9 is of the same construction as the brick l, with the exception that the brick 9 is formed with four inner fiues 29 in lieu of eight inner fiues 28 employed on brick 7. Each flue 29 is of greater area than any one of the fiues 28. The side ribs on brick 9 are designated 30, 3| and are of the same form as the ribs 24, 25. The ribs 30, 3| are arranged on the side faces 32, 33 respectively of the brick 9 in the same manner as the ribs 24, 25 are arranged on the side faces I9, 20 respectively of the brick I.

With reference to Figure 6, there is shown a combustion chamber wall 34, a checkerwork formed of concentrically arranged tiers 35, 36, 31, 38, a shell wall at 39 and an insulating medium for wall 39 at 40. The tier 35 encompasses wall 34. The wall 39 encompasses tier 38. Each tier is formed of superimposed courses of bricks, and as illustrated, the bricks l are employed. The fiues of the bricks of a lower course register with the fiues of the bricks of the next upper course, as is shown in Figure '7. The side ribs of the bricks of a lower course align with the side ribs of the bricks of the next upper course. The back ribs of the bricks of a lower course align with the back ribs of the next upper course. When the tier is set up from a series of superimposed courses of the bricks'it is formed with vertically disposed spaced sets of inner flues which are provided by the fiues 28 or 29. In some in-.

stances the lower portion of a tier may be formed by bricks of a different form from those employed for the upper portion of the tier, and, by way of example, this arrangement is shown in Figure 7, which illustrates the bricks 9 employed for the lower portion and the bricks l for the upper portion of the tier. If so the spaced sets of vertical inner fiues will be provided by the fiues 28 and 29. Each flue 29 being of an area and so disposed as to register with a pair of fiues 28. The side ribs provide a spacing medium between a pair of opposed bricks. The back ribs provide a spacing medium between a pair of concentrically arranged tiers. The side ribs act to space the bricks of the courses of a tier to form the latter with what may be termed outer vertical side fiues 4 l, 42. The back ribs act to provide at the back of the bricks of the courses of a tier with what may be termedan outer back vertical flue, and at the front of the bricks of the courses of an adjacent tier with what may be termed a front vertical flue for said adjacent tier. The back-front vertical fiues are common to a pair of tiers as indicated at 43. The beveled ends of the side ribs provide for the independent com- 5 munication of each side flue M or 22 with a flue 43. The beveled ends of the back ribs provide for the communication of the fiues with the fiues H, 42. By this arrangement the outer surfaces of the bricks are attacked substantially throughout by the heating agents. The manner of setting up the bricks in courses in connection with the form of the bricks will provide for a greater increase in heat radiating surfaces than that obtained with respect to the form of bricks now generally employed. The vertical flues provided by the blocks are not blocked in any manner and may be cleaned out in case any particle of a brick falls therein. The fiues provided by the outer contour of the bricks open into each 20 other vertically and horizontally. Each brick is so formed as to provide for the heating thereof internally and also externally substantially throughout its outer face. The ribs are so formed to provide for the reducing of contact between n the bricks of a course to a minimum. By varying the thickness of the side ribs one may build any diameter of tier from complete bricks of the same contour without the employment. of a filler between any pair of bricks of any of the courses 30 of the tier.

By varying the thickness of the side ribs and employing bricks and 3, one may regulate the size of fiues 4 22 and by increasing or decreasing the thickness of the back ribs one may regulate 5 the size of hue 43.

To increase the size of the internal fines of the tiers, one may construct the brick 8 with internal fiues of a form corresponding to fiues 29 and when such form of brick is used over bricks l and 8 to 40 provide the tiers, the fiues 28 of bricks l and 8 will not be blocked.

When the bricks 1, 8, or 9 are set in tiers they will be held by several other bricks in such a manner that it will be impossible for them to shift or rotate. In this connection it will be stated by way of example with reference to tier 3! that the contact points 24, 25 of the bricks will be held by contact points of four other bricks because its bonded vertically contact points i l and I2 will be held by the front side of the bricks of the tier 38, which is also bonded the same as tier 3? but a little lower whereby the horizontal joints do not intersect on the same elevation. The tier 35 will be the same as tier 38. As illustrated, by way of example, the bricks of the courses are held in place at six points.

What we claim is:

1. A checker brick comprising a vertically ap ertured body of substantially square contour, said body being provided on its back face with a pair of spaced parallel vertical ribs spaced from the side terminii of said face, and each of said ribs having its ends oppositely beveled.

2. A checker brick comprising a vertically ap ertured body of substantially square contour, said body being provided on its back face with a pair of spaced parallel vertical ribs spaced from the side terminii of said face, and each of said ribs having its ends oppositely beveled, each of said ,ribs being of, rounded contour.

3. A checker brick comprising a vertically ap ertured body having a front face, a bottom face, a back face, a top face and a pair of side faces, said body being provided on its back face with a pair of spaced parallel ribs spaced from said side faces, each of said ribs having its ends oppositely beveled, the upper end of each rib extending at an upwardly inclination towards said top face, and the lower end of each rib extending at a downward inclination towards said bottom face.

4. A checker brick comprising a vertically apertured body having a front face, a bottom face, a back face, a top face and a pair of side faces, said body being provided on its back face with a pair of spaced parallel ribs spaced from said side faces, each of said ribs having its ends oppositely beveled, the upper end of each rib extending at an upwardly inclination towards said top face, and the lower end of each rib extending at a downward inclination towards said bottom face, each of said ribs being of rounded contour.

5. A checker brick comprising a vertically apertured body of substantially square contour having a front face, a back face and a pair of side faces, said body being provided on its back face with a pair of spaced parallel vertical ribs spaced from its side faces, said body being provided on each side face with a vertical rib, and each of said ribs having its ends oppositely beveled.

6. A checker brick comprising a vertically apertured body of substantially square contour having a front face, a back face and a pair of side faces, said body being provided on its back face with a pair of spaced parallel vertical ribs spaced from its side faces, said body being provided on each side face with a vertical rib, each of said ribs having its ends oppositely beveled, and each of said side ribs having its forwa d side flush with said front face.

7. A checker brick comprising a vertically apertured body of substantially square contour having a front face, a back face and a pair of side faces, said body being provided on its back face with a pair of spaced parallel vertical ribs spaced from its side faces, said body being provided on each side face with a vertical rib, and each of said ribs having its ends oppositely beveled, each of said ribs being of rounded contour.

8. A checker brick comprising a vertically apertured body of substantially square contour having a front face, a back face and a pair of side faces, said body being provided on its back face with a pair of spaced parallel vertical ribs spaced from its side faces, said body being provided on each side face with a vertical rib, each of said ribs having its ends oppositely beveled, and each of said side ribs having its forward side flush with said front face, each of said ribs being of rounded contour.

9. A checker brick comprising a vertically apertured body of substantially square contour having a front face, a back face and a pair of side faces, said body being provided on its back face with a pair of spaced parallel vertical ribs spaced from its side faces, said body being provided on each side face with a vertical rib, each of said ribs having its ends oppositely beveled, each of said ribs having its upper end edge extending at an upward inclination in a direction towards the top of said body, and each of said ribs having its lower end edge extending at a downward inclination in a direction towards the bottom of said body.

10. In checkerwork, a plurality of concentrically arranged tiers, each formed of a series of superimposed circular courses of vertically apertured sidewise opposed bricks, each brick of a course having its back formed with a pair of spaced parallel vertically disposed ribs spaced from the sides thereof, each rib having its ends oppositely beveled, the ribs of a lower course aligning with the ribs of the next upper course.

11. In checkerwork, a plurality of concentrically arranged tiers, each formed of a plurality of superimposed courses of vertically apertured bricks of substantially square contour, each brick of each course being provided on each side with a vertical side rib having its ends oppositely beveled, the side ribs of one brick of each course contacting with a side rib of a pair of adjacent bricks of the course for spacing the bricks of the course from each other, each brick of each course being provided on its back with a pair of vertically disposed spaced parallel back ribs having their ends oppositely beveled, the back ribs on the bricks of the courses of an inner tier spacing the latter from an outer tier, the side ribs of the courses of a tier aligning with each other, and the back ribs of the courses of a tier aligning with each other, the said side and back ribs of the courses of a tier setting the bricks of said courses to form the tier with vertical flues communicating horizontally with each other and surrounding substantially each brick of a course.

12. A checker brick comprising a substantially square body having one of its faces formed with a pair of vertically disposed spaced parallel ribs, each of said ribs having its ends oppositely beveled.

13. A checker brick comprising a substantially square body having one of its faces formed with a pair of vertically disposed spaced parallel ribs, each of said ribs having its ends oppositely beveled, said body being provided on another of its faces with a Vertically disposed rib having each of its ends oppositely beveled, and said body being provided on another of its faces which is parallel to that face having the single rib, with a vertically disposed rib having each of its ends oppositely beveled.

14. A checker brick comprising a substantially square body having one of its faces formed with a pair of vertically disposed spaced parallel ribs, each of said ribs having its ends oppositely beveled, said body being provided on another of its faces with a vertically disposed rib having each of its ends oppositely beveled, said body being provided on another of its faces which is parallel to that face having the single rib, with a vertically disposed rib having each of its ends oppositely beveled, said body being formed with a plurality of vertical openings extending from its bottom to its top, and each of said ribs being rounded.

15. A checker brick comprising a vertically apertured body having front, back, and a pair of side faces, spaced vertical ribs on said back face and a vertical rib on each side face flush with said front face, each of said ribs having beveled ends. I

SAMUEL L. MAMULA. JOSEPH MUHVICH. 

